Install LAMP
For the purposes of this exercise the Apache document root will be moved to /home/mike/www/ and MySQL data directory moved to /home/mysql and a virtual host created called pcdocgo.co.uk
Use Tasksel to install LAMP services
$ sudo apt install tasksel
Install latest Apache, MySQL and PHP servers
$ sudo tasksel install lamp-server
Configure Apache
Add user to Apache www-data group
$ sudo useradd -G www-data mike
Prepare new document root
$ mkdir /home/mike/www
$ sudo rsync -av /var/www/html /home/mike/www
Note: rsync – be sure there is no trailing slash on the source directory. When there’s a trailing slash, rsync will dump the contents of the directory into the destination directory instead of transferring it into a containing directory of the same name as the source, e.g. html.
Add Virtual Host
$ cd /etc/apache2/sites-available
$ sudo cp 000-default.conf pcdocgo.co.uk.conf
$ sudo nano /etc/apaches2/sites-available/pcdocgo.co.uk.conf
Replace
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
with
DocumentRoot /home/mike/www
<Directory /home/mike/www/wordpress/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
Save file.
Note: Directory directives explanation
- Options
- Indexes – if a URL which maps to a directory is requested and there is no DirectoryIndex (e.g., index.html) in that directory, then mod_autoindex will returns a formatted listing of the directory WordPress .htaccess code redirects this to index.php
- FollowSymLinks – the server will follow symbolic links in this directory, e.g. Permalinks
- AllowOverride All – allow the use of .htaccess to override Apache global settings for this directory
- Require all granted – access to directory is allowed unconditionally to avoid permission errors
Use a2ensite to enable site – creates software symbolic link in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled
$ sudo a2ensite pcdocgo.co.uk.conf
Disable the Apache default site (/var/www/html)
$ sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf
Enable Apache2 mod_rewrite module to allow modification of URLs
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite
Create .htaccess file and add WordPress rewrite code support
Now that Apache is configured to allow rewrites through .htaccess files, we need to create it in the site root folder.
Create empty .htaccess file
$ touch /home/mike/www/wordpress/.htaccess
Add web server (www-data) group ownership:
$ sudo chown :www-data /home/mike/www/wordpress/.htaccess
$ nano /home/mike/www/.htaccess
Add the following code:
# BEGIN WordPress
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /wordpress/
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /wordpress/index.php [L]
# END WordPress
Note: WordPress adds/updates the above .htaccess code when Permalink Settings > Post aliases are changed. e.g, name.
Once modified save and exit.
Note: If WordPress were installed directly in the document root directory the rewrite codes would be:
# BEGIN WordPress
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
# END WordPress
For increased security set .htaccess permission to read only.
$ chmod 644 /home/mike/www/.htaccess
644 is normally required and recommended for .htaccess.
Test Apache2 configuration changes
$ sudo apachectl -S
To suppress AH00558 error
AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the ‘ServerName’ directive globally to suppress this message
Add Servername directive to Apache2 global configuration file
$ sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Add
ServerName 127.0.0.1
Save and exit and test again
$ sudo apachectl configtest
Reports “Syntax OK” when no errors found
Restart Apache2 to effect changes
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2
Configure MySQL
Move MySQL data directory to /home/mike/mysql
Check current root is /var/lib/mysql/
$ mysql -u root -p
mysql> select @@datadir;
Output
+-----------------+
| @@datadir |
+-----------------+
| /var/lib/mysql/ |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Stop MySQL
$ sudo systemctl stop mysql
Copy data directory to /home/mysql
$ sudo rsynch -av /var/lib/mysql /home
Backup original mysql folder by renaming it
$ sudo mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql.bak
Point mysql data directory to new home folder location
Edit the MySQL configuration file
$ sudo nano /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
Find “datadir” and change the path form /var/lib/mysql to /home/mysql
Edit AppArmor alias file to let MySQL write to the new directory by creating an alias between the default directory and the new location.
$ sudo nano /etc/apparmor.d/tunables/alias
Add the following alias rule to the end of the alias file
$ alias /var/lib/mysql/ -> /home/mysql/,
Restart AppArmor
$ sudo systemctl restart apparmor
Restart MySQL
$ sudo systemctl restart mysql
Verify status
$ sudo systemctl status mysql
Create WordPress Database and Admin User
$ mysql -u root -p
mysql> CREATE DATABASE pcdocgo_db;
mysql> CREATE USER mike@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON pcdocgo_db.* TO mike@localhost;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> EXIT;
Install WordPress
Download latest WordPress and extract to ~/wordpress
$ cd ~
$ wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
$ tar xzvf latest.tar.gz
Configure WordPress
$ cd ~/wordpress
$ cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
Download WordPress Secure Keys and add to wp-config.php
$ curl -s https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/
Copy output to Paste buffer
$ nano wp-config.php
Overwrite dummy values section below with Paste buffer
. . .
#define('AUTH_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here');
#define('SECURE_AUTH_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here');
#define('LOGGED_IN_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here');
#define('NONCE_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here');
#define('AUTH_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here');
#define('SECURE_AUTH_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here');
#define('LOGGED_IN_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here');
#define('NONCE_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here');
. . .
Replace DB_NAME, DB_USER, and DB_PASSWORD values with database, user and password values:
// ** MySQL settings - You can get this info from your web host ** //
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define('DB_NAME', 'pcdocgo');
/** MySQL database username */
define('DB_USER', 'mike');
/** MySQL database password */
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'password');
Once complete, save and close wp-config.php
Prepare WordPress directory
Copy content
$ sudo rsync -avP ~/wordpress /home/mike/www
Configure Permissions
$ cd /home/mike/www
Assign ownership values
$ sudo chown -R mike:www-data *
Create Uploads directory
$ mkdir /home/mike/www/wp-content/uploads
Allow Apache to write to this directory
$ sudo chown -R :www-data /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads
Complete WordPress Installation via Web Interface
In web browser, navigate to localhost
http://localhost
For new installs you will see the WordPress initial configuration page, where you will create an administrator account. Fill out the information for the site and the administrative account information. When finished, click on the Install WordPress button. WordPress will confirm the installation, and then ask you to log in with the account just created
Change the Permalink Settings to Post name
Adjust the permalink settings through the WordPress administration interface. On the left-hand side, under the Settings menu, select Permalinks and click the Post name radio button. Click “Save Changes” to generate the .htaccess rewrite rules.
References:
https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-lamp-ubuntu-18-04-bionic-beaver-linux-apache-mysql-php
www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-change-the-mysql-data-default-directory.html
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-wordpress-on-ubuntu-14-04
https://dzone.com/articles/install-wordpress-on-ubuntu-1804
NPM Rebuild
Delete node_modules folder and execute npm install
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